IThe Script
How Arabic is written, letter by letter.
A reference for English speakers
Arabic is not one language but a family — a script with twenty-eight letters, a written standard used from Morocco to Oman, and a constellation of spoken dialects each with its own logic. This site is a working reference for English speakers learning any of it.
Translations by the free MyMemory API. For anything important, use a human translator.
How Arabic is written, letter by letter.
How things are actually said, organized by situation.
Where each variety is used, and how to tell them apart.
Arabic grammar explained for people who think in English.
The pragmatics that grammar can't teach.
Where English and Arabic have borrowed from each other.
Arabic names and their meanings.
The visual culture of the script.